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Page v



		Contents



		List of Figures



		vii



		Preface to the 1992 Edition



		ix



		Preface



		xiii



		1. The General Setting



		1



		1. Introduction



		1



		2. Preliminary survey



		3



		3. A simple artificial adaptive system



		6



		4. A complex natural adaptive system



		9



		5. Some general observations



		16



		2. A Formal Framework



		20



		1. Discussion



		20



		2. Presentation



		28



		3. Comparison with the Dubins-Savage formalization of the gambler's problem



		30



		3. Illustrations



		32



		1. Genetics



		32



		2. Economics



		36



		3. Game-playing



		40



		4. Searches, pattern recognition, and statistical inference



		44



		5. Control and function optimization



		54



		6. Central nervous systems



		58



		4. Schemata



		66



		5. The Optimal Allocation of Trials



		75



		1. The 2-armed bandit



		76



		2. Realization of minimal losses



		83



		3. Many options



		85



		4. Application to schemata



		87

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